Dual orientation of narcissism
“Guntrip (1971) insists that “every personality” hovers “between two opposite fears, the fear of isolation in independence with loss of ego in a vacuum of experience, and the fear of bondage to, of imprisonment or absorption in the personality of whomever he rushes to for protection” (p. 291). These two poles, of grandiosity or omnipotence on the one hand, and emptiness or insufficiency on the other, represent what Lou Andreas-Salome (1962), one of Freud’s great confidants, termed the “dual orientation of narcissism,” that of the “desire for individuality” with its associated feelings of “a ghostlike facsimile of existence” (p. 7) versus the “contrary movement toward conjugation and fusion” that involves “identification with the totality” (pp. 4-5).”
— “Psychotherapy without the Self: A Buddhist Perspective”, Dr. Mark Epstein M.D.
